隨(sui)著社會(hui)的(de)發展，人們(men)對供(gong)水(shui)質量(liang)和供(gong)水(shui)系統(tong)可靠性(xing)(xing)以及穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)的(de)要求不(bu)斷提高，目前長(chang)沙市也存在(zai)個別(bie)小區二(er)(er)次(ci)供(gong)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)力不(bu)穩定(ding)的(de)情況，因此利用先進的(de)自動(dong)化技術(shu)、控(kong)制技術(shu)以及通(tong)訊技術(shu)，設計高性(xing)(xing)能(neng)、高節能(neng)、能(neng)適(shi)應不(bu)同領(ling)域尤其(qi)適(shi)應小區二(er)(er)次(ci)供(gong)水(shui)的(de)恒壓(ya)(ya)供(gong)水(shui)系統(tong)就成為必(bi)然趨勢(shi)。

1、變頻調速的特點及分析

　　用(yong)戶用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)一般是動態的(de)(de)，因此供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不足或供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)過剩(sheng)的(de)(de)情(qing)況時(shi)有(you)發生。而(er)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)不平(ping)衡(heng)集中反(fan)映在供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)壓(ya)力上，即用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo)而(er)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少，則(ze)壓(ya)力低(di);用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少而(er)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo)，則(ze)壓(ya)力大。保持供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)力的(de)(de)恒定，可使供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)間(jian)保持平(ping)衡(heng)，即用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo)時(shi)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)多(duo)，用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少時(shi)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)少，從(cong)而(er)提高了供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)質量(liang)。

　　用(yong)水(shui)(shui)區域(yu)采用(yong)恒壓(ya)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)，能(neng)(neng)產生(sheng)較大的(de)經濟效益和(he)社會(hui)效益。在生(sheng)產生(sheng)活供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)時，若自(zi)來(lai)水(shui)(shui)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)因故壓(ya)力不足或(huo)短時斷水(shui)(shui)，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)影響生(sheng)活質量(liang)，嚴重(zhong)時會(hui)影響生(sheng)存安(an)全，如發(fa)生(sheng)火(huo)災時，若供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)力不足或(huo)或(huo)無水(shui)(shui)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)，不能(neng)(neng)迅速滅火(huo)，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)引起(qi)重(zhong)大經濟損(sun)失和(he)人(ren)員傷亡。所以，恒壓(ya)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)對于(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)是非常(chang)重(zhong)要的(de)。而以變頻調速為核心(xin)的(de)智能(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)控制(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)正好(hao)取代了以往(wang)高(gao)位水(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)和(he)壓(ya)力罐等供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)設(she)備。它起(qi)動平穩，起(qi)動電流(liu)可(ke)限制(zhi)在額(e)定電流(liu)以內(nei)，從而避免了起(qi)動時對電網的(de)沖擊;而且泵(beng)的(de)平均轉速降低了，也就延長(chang)了泵(beng)和(he)閥門等的(de)使用(yong)壽命。其運(yun)行(xing)性能(neng)(neng)穩定安(an)全、操作方式簡單方便、基本(ben)功能(neng)(neng)齊全周到，能(neng)(neng)夠達到二次供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)節水(shui)(shui)、節電、節省人(ren)力的(de)高(gao)效率運(yun)行(xing)目的(de)。

2、恒壓供水的變頻應用方式

　　變頻恒壓供水設備是一種新型的(de)(de)節能供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設備。變(bian)頻(pin)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設備是運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)當今非常先進(jin)的(de)(de)微(wei)電(dian)腦控制(zhi)技術，將變(bian)頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)速器(qi)與電(dian)機(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵組(zu)合(he)而成的(de)(de)機(ji)電(dian)一體化高科技節能供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)裝置。而將變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)在二次供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設備中，是以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)端水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(或用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)量(liang))為設定參數(shu)，通過(guo)微(wei)機(ji)自(zi)動(dong)控制(zhi)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)頻(pin)率(lv)從而調(diao)(diao)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉速，實(shi)現用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)管網(wang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)的(de)(de)閉環調(diao)(diao)節，使供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)自(zi)動(dong)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)穩于設定的(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)值:即用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)增加時(shi)(shi)，頻(pin)率(lv)提(ti)高，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵轉速加快;用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)減少時(shi)(shi)，頻(pin)率(lv)降低，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵轉速減慢。這樣就保證(zheng)了整個用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)管網(wang)隨時(shi)(shi)都有充足的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(與用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)設定的(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)一致(zhi))和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(隨用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)情(qing)況變(bian)化而變(bian)化)。根(gen)據壓(ya)力(li)(li)反饋信號，通過(guo)PID運(yun)(yun)算自(zi)動(dong)調(diao)(diao)整變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)頻(pin)率(lv)，改變(bian)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)轉速，達到管網(wang)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

3、簡述PID控制原理

　　PID控制(zhi)(zhi)器可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)控制(zhi)(zhi)任何(he)可以(yi)(yi)被測量的(de)(de)并且可以(yi)(yi)被控制(zhi)(zhi)變量。我們要想(xiang)保持水(shui)壓(ya)的(de)(de)恒定，就(jiu)必須引入水(shui)壓(ya)反饋(kui)值(zhi)(zhi)與給定值(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)較(jiao)，從而形成閉環系(xi)(xi)統。但被控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統特點是非(fei)線性、大(da)慣性的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統，現在(zai)控制(zhi)(zhi)和PID相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)方法，在(zai)壓(ya)力波動較(jiao)大(da)時(shi)使用(yong)(yong)模糊控制(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)加(jia)快響應速度(du);在(zai)壓(ya)力范(fan)圍較(jiao)小(xiao)時(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)PID來(lai)保持靜態精度(du)。要想(xiang)維(wei)持供(gong)水(shui)網(wang)的(de)(de)壓(ya)力不(bu)變，根據(ju)反饋(kui)定理在(zai)管(guan)(guan)網(wang)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理上安裝了壓(ya)力變送(song)器作(zuo)為反饋(kui)元件，由于供(gong)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統管(guan)(guan)道長、管(guan)(guan)徑大(da)，管(guan)(guan)網(wang)的(de)(de)充壓(ya)都較(jiao)慢，故系(xi)(xi)統是一個大(da)滯后系(xi)(xi)統，不(bu)易直接(jie)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)PID調節(jie)器進行控制(zhi)(zhi)，而采(cai)用(yong)(yong)PLC參與控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)方式來(lai)實現對控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統調節(jie)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

4、二次恒壓供水變頻應用控制原理

　　用變頻調速來實現恒壓供水的(de)優點有三(san)方(fang)面：一是(shi)起(qi)(qi)動平衡，起(qi)(qi)動電(dian)流可限制(zhi)在額定(ding)電(dian)流以內(nei)，從而避免了(le)起(qi)(qi)動時對(dui)電(dian)網的(de)沖擊;二是(shi)由于泵(beng)的(de)平均轉速降低(di)了(le)，從而可延長泵(beng)和(he)閥門等的(de)使用壽命;三(san)是(shi)可以消除起(qi)(qi)動和(he)停(ting)機時的(de)水錘效應。

　　當(dang)由一(yi)(yi)臺變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器控(kong)制一(yi)(yi)臺電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，只需(xu)使變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)實際電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)相符即可。當(dang)一(yi)(yi)臺變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器同時(shi)(shi)控(kong)制兩臺電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，原則上變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)應等(deng)于兩臺電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)之(zhi)和。雖然水泵在低速(su)運行時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)工作電(dian)流(liu)較(jiao)小(xiao)。另外，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)熱(re)保(bao)(bao)護是必需(xu)的(de)(de)。因(yin)為當(dang)用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)水量(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)頻(pin)(pin)繁(fan)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將處于頻(pin)(pin)繁(fan)的(de)(de)升、降(jiang)速(su)狀態，而升、降(jiang)速(su)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)可略超過電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)額定電(dian)流(liu)，導致電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)過熱(re)。而由于頻(pin)(pin)繁(fan)地(di)升、降(jiang)速(su)而積累起來的(de)(de)溫升，必須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熱(re)繼電(dian)器來進(jin)行電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)熱(re)保(bao)(bao)護。

　　功能預置(zhi)方(fang)面，最高(gao)頻率應(ying)(ying)以(yi)電動(dong)機(ji)的額定(ding)頻率為變頻器(qi)(qi)的最高(gao)工作頻率。升、降速(su)時間(jian)在采用PID調節器(qi)(qi)的情況下，升、降速(su)時間(jian)應(ying)(ying)盡量(liang)設定(ding)得短一些(xie)，以(yi)免影響由PID調節器(qi)(qi)決定(ding)的動(dong)態響應(ying)(ying)過程。

5、恒壓二次供水系統特點

　　5.1節(jie)(jie)電：優(you)化的節(jie)(jie)能控制軟(ruan)件，使水泵實現最大限度地節(jie)(jie)能運行。

　　5.2節水(shui)：根據實際用水(shui)情況(kuang)設定管網壓力，自(zi)動控制水(shui)泵出水(shui)量，減少了水(shui)的跑、漏現象。

 　　5.3運行可靠：由(you)變(bian)頻(pin)器實現泵(beng)的(de)軟起動，使水泵(beng)實現由(you)工頻(pin)到變(bian)頻(pin)的(de)無(wu)沖(chong)擊切換，防(fang)止管(guan)網沖(chong)擊、避免管(guan)網壓(ya)力超限(xian)，管(guan)道(dao)破裂。

　　5.4聯網功(gong)能：采用(yong)全中文工控組態軟件，實時監控各個站點，如電機的電壓、電流、工作頻率、管網壓力及流量等(deng)。并且能夠累積每(mei)個站點的用(yong)電量，累積每(mei)臺(tai)泵的出水量，同(tong)時提供(gong)各種形(xing)式的打印報表，以(yi)便分(fen)析統計。

　　5.5控制靈活(huo)：分(fen)段供水(shui)，定時供水(shui)，手動選(xuan)擇工(gong)作(zuo)方式。

　　5.6自(zi)我保(bao)護功(gong)能完(wan)善：如某臺泵出(chu)現故障，主動(dong)(dong)向上位機發出(chu)報警信息，同時啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)備用泵，以維持供(gong)水平衡。萬(wan)一自(zi)控系(xi)統出(chu)現故障，用戶(hu)可(ke)以直接操作手(shou)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，以保(bao)護供(gong)水。

　　以上為華振供水為大家總結的關于變頻器,二次恒壓供水設備的相關內容(rong)，希(xi)望對大家有所(suo)幫助。